Bangkok: Beware!! A bloated stomach, irregular periods, and dark-colored menstrual blood... These could be warning signs of "ovarian cysts."
According to Thai News Agency, ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can develop in the ovaries, which are part of the female reproductive system along with the uterus and fallopian tubes. These cysts can occur on one or both ovaries and may form naturally during each menstrual cycle. While most cysts shrink and disappear on their own, some may persist, grow larger, and develop into "polycystic ovary syndrome" or simply "ovarian cysts."
The exact cause of ovarian cysts remains unknown, but a combination of factors such as genetics, environment, chemicals, diet, and fertility is believed to play a role. Women of all ages, from birth to menopause, are susceptible to developing these cysts. Symptoms vary depending on the size of the cysts: smaller ones are usually asymptomatic, while larger ones may alter body shape, cause a protruding abdomen, irregular menstruation, or severe abdominal pain, and could potentially lead to infertility.
Despite common fears, most ovarian cysts are not cancerous, with only a 10% chance of developing into cancer. There are three main types of ovarian cysts, likened to a watermelon: those originating from the ovarian epithelium (common in industrialized countries), from germ cells (more common in Asians), and from the ovarian tissue structure.
Among various types of ovarian cysts, "chocolate cysts" are notorious for causing abdominal pain and infertility. These cysts contain old menstrual blood, giving them a chocolate-like appearance. Surgical removal is often recommended for chocolate cysts larger than 3 cm, although they can recur due to their dependence on foods containing female hormones.
Certain everyday practices and beliefs are often questioned in relation to ovarian health. For instance, regular application of talcum powder to the genital area may increase the risk of ovarian cancer. Consuming coconut water or soy milk is considered safe as they contain low levels of female hormones. Interestingly, taking birth control pills for more than five years can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer and may help shrink certain ovarian cysts by blocking ovulation.
When it comes to treatment, surgery is the primary option, with open abdominal surgery being the standard method. Laparoscopic surgery, involving a small incision, offers faster recovery and is increasingly available in public hospitals. Preserving the ovaries during surgery is crucial for women who wish to have children, as the ovaries play a key role in producing hormones that contribute to overall health and well-being.
Doctors advise regular annual health checkups as a preventive measure and urge patients to remain calm and consult a gynecologist if a cyst is detected. Modern gynecological examinations ensure patient comfort and safety by including a registered nurse in the examination room.