Bangkok: In an era where social media is a part of daily life, we often see health warnings and information being shared. One issue that has caused shock and concern is "severe drug reactions" that affect the skin, body, and vital organs like the eyes, potentially leading to vision loss. This condition is medically known as Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS).

According to Thai News Agency, Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a severe drug allergy that may lead to blindness. Unlike common drug allergies that cause symptoms like itchy rashes or swollen eyes, SJS is much more severe. Medical experts explain that the condition is not directly caused by medication or viruses harming the body, but rather by the body's immune system reacting abnormally to certain medications or viruses. This autoimmune reaction results in the immune system attacking the body's own tissues, such as the skin and mucous membranes of internal organs, making it particularly damaging.

Certain drugs are frequently found to trigger Stevens-Johnson syndrome, including anticonvulsants, antibiotics like sulfa drugs and penicillin, and NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Some patients may experience severe allergic reactions just a few hours or within a day after taking these medications.

Warning signs of this condition include general physical symptoms and those specifically affecting the eyes. General symptoms include fever, body aches, sore throat, redness, burning, and watery eyes, which can lead to severe skin damage similar to burns if left untreated. The condition's impact on the eyes can lead to redness, irritation, burning, and watery eyes in the acute phase. Long-term effects may involve severe inflammation or damage to the conjunctiva, eyelids, or cornea, potentially causing permanent scarring, eyelid fusion, or vision loss.

Treatment for SJS focuses on reducing inflammation during the acute phase to minimize damage. However, long-term damage to the eyes can be difficult to treat, and reconstructive surgery often cannot fully restore the eyes' function or appearance. Patients may also face severe dry eye symptoms for life.

To prevent severe drug allergies like Stevens-Johnson syndrome, doctors advise avoiding unnecessary medication, reporting known drug allergies to healthcare providers, and closely monitoring for symptoms when starting new medications. Observing any abnormalities early and consulting a doctor can significantly reduce the risk of serious damage from drug-induced allergies.